Description: Two antique engravings on one page concerning The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (see below) published in the Illustrated London News dated June 19, 1875 and entitled as follows: Village in Wild Island, Admiralty Islands Village in D'Entrecasteaux Island, Admiralty Islands Good condition . Dated in top border. Unrelated text to the reverse . Page size 11 x 16 inches. These are original antique prints and not reproductions . Great collectors item for the historian - see more of these in Seller's Other Items which can be combined for mailing at no additional cost. NOTE - International mailing in a tube is expensive ($14.50) and the quoted price of $4.50 assumes the page is folded and mailed in an envelope Admiralty IslandsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the Admiralty Islands of Papua New Guinea. For the Admiralty Island in Alaska, see Admiralty Island. For other uses, see Admiralty Island (disambiguation).Admiralty IslandsMap of Papua New Guinea. The Admiralty Islands are in the dark red area at the top of the map.GeographyCoordinates2°05′S 146°57′ECoordinates: 2°05′S 146°57′ECountryPapua New GuineaProvinceManus ProvinceThe Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of eighteen islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean. These are also sometimes called the Manus Islands, after the largest island.These rainforest-covered islands form part of Manus Province, the smallest and least-populous province of Papua New Guinea, in its Islands Region. The total area is 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi). Many of the Admiralty Islands are atolls and uninhabited.Contents [hide] 1 Islands2 Geography3 Ecology4 History4.1 Prehistory4.2 European and Japanese periods4.3 Independence5 See also6 NotesIslands[edit]The larger islands in the center of the group are Manus Island and Los Negros Island. The other larger islands are Tong Island, Pak Island, Rambutyo Island, Lou Island, and Baluan Island to the east, Mbuke Island to the south and Bipi Island to the west of Manus Island. Other islands that have been noted as significant places in the history of Manus include Ndrova Island, Pitylu Island and Ponam Island.Geography[edit]Manus is the largest of the Admiralty Islands.The temperature of the Admiralty Islands varies little throughout the year, reaching daily highs of 30–32 °C (86–90 °F) and 20–24 °C (68–75 °F) at night. Average annual rainfall is 3,382 mm (133 in) and is somewhat seasonal, with June–August being the wettest months.Manus reaches an elevation of 700 m (2,300 ft) and is volcanic in origin and probably broke through the ocean's surface in the late Miocene, 8–10 million years ago. The substrate of the island is either directly volcanic or from uplifted coral limestone.The main town in the islands is Lorengau on Manus, connected by road to an airport on nearby Los Negros Island, otherwise transport around the islands is by boat. There is very little tourism although the seas are attractive to divers, including Jean-Michel Cousteau who spent time on nearby Wuvulu Island in the 1970s.Ecology[edit]Due to the isolated location, the rain forests of the Admiralty Islands are home to rare and endemic species of birds, bats and other animals and are considered a separate ecoregion, the Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests. The majority of the forests on Manus still remain, but some of the smaller islands have been cleared for coconut farming. The typical tree species are various Calophyllum and Sararanga species.[1]58.5 km2 (22.6 sq mi) Ndrolowa Wildlife Management Area was declared March 1985 south of Lorengau on Manus Island and contains both terrestrial and marine regions.[2] 240 km2 (93 sq mi) protected area has been established around the highest mountain on Manus, Mt. Dremsel, but the level of protection is still undetermined in UNEP World Database on Protected Areas.[3] Further study of this ecoregion is required.Three of the bird species endemic to Admiralty Islands have been listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List: Manus fantail (Rhipidura semirubra), Superb pitta (Pitta superba) and Manus masked owl (Tyto manusi). Three other birds are endemic to Admiralty Islands but are classified as non-threatened or least concern: white-naped friarbird (Philemon albitorques), Manus monarch (Monarcha infelix) and Manus hawk owl (Ninox meeki). Birds found mainly but not exclusively on the Admiralty Islands include Melanesian megapode(Megapodius eremita), yellow-bibbed fruit-dove (Ptilinopus solomonensis), yellowish imperial-pigeon (Ducula subflavescens), pied cuckoo-dove (Reinwardtoena browni), Meek's pygmy parrot (Micropsitta meeki), black-headed white-eye (Zosterops hypoxanthus) and ebony myzomela (Myzomela pammelaena).Mammals found only here or on nearby island groups include the large fruit bats, Admiralty flying-fox (Pteropus admiralitatum), Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (Dobsonia anderseni) and Seri's sheathtail-bat (Emballonura serii) while the two pure-endemics are Admiralty Island cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri) and a local mosaic-tailed rat (Melomys matambuai).[1] The islands are home to two endemic Platymantis frogs (Platymantis admiraltiensis and Platymantis latro)[4] and four lizards, while the emerald green snail of Manus was the first terrestrial snail to be listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.History[edit]Prehistory[edit]Along with New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands were first inhabited approximately 40,000 years[citation needed] ago, in the initial wave of migration out of Southeast Asia that also populated Australia. This early society appears to have cultivated taro, and to have deliberately introduced wild animals from New Guinea such as bandicoots and large rats. Obsidian was gathered and traded throughout the Admiralty Islands archipelago.[5]The Lapita culture arose around 3,500 years ago, and its extent ranged from the Admiralty Islands to Tonga and Samoa. Its origins are contested, but it may well have been a product of another wave of migration from Southeast Asia. Lapita society featured renowned pottery, stilt houses, the introduction of domestic animals such as pigs, dogs, and chickens, and substantial developments in agriculture and boat technology, allowing long distance trade to develop. Lapita society, as a distinct culture and extended trade network, collapsed around 2,000 years ago.[5]European and Japanese periods[edit]The first European to visit the islands was the Spanish navigator �lvaro de Saavedra when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain in the summer of 1528.[6] Saavedra charted Manus as Urays la Grande.[7] Its visit was also reported in 1616 by the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten. The name 'Admiralty Islands' was devised by Captain Philip Carteret of the British Royal Navy in 1767.[8]Between 1884 and 1914 the area was administered as a German colony. In November 1914, the islands were occupied by troops of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force landed from the SS Siar. A few shots fired from a machine gun on Siar over the heads of the tiny German garrison at Lorengau were the last shots fired in the battle. After the war, the islands were governed by the Commonwealth of Australia under a League of Nations mandate.[9]Japanese troops landed on Manus Island on 7 April 1942.[10] In 1944, Japanese forces occupying the islands were attacked and defeated by Allied forces in Operation Brewer. Subsequently a large American airbase was built at Lombrum near Lorengau.[11]Independence[edit]Following Papuan independence in 1975, sovereignty of the Admiralty Islands was transferred from Australia to Papua New Guinea.They became the Manus Province of the Islands Region in Papua New Guinea.D'Entrecasteaux IslandsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaD'Entrecasteaux IslandsD'Entrecasteaux Islands /ˌdɒntrəˈkæstoʊ/ (French: [dɑ̃t�əkasto]) are situated near the eastern tip of New Guinea in the Solomon Sea in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The group spans a distance of 160 km (99 mi), has a total land area of approximately 3,100 km2 (1,197 sq mi) and is separated from the Papua New Guinea mainland by the 30 km (19 mi) wide Ward Hunt Strait in the north and the 18 km (11 mi) wide Goschen Strait in the south. D'Entrecasteaux Islands show signs of volcanism.Contents [hide] 1 People2 Description3 History4 ReferencesPeople[edit]The inhabitants of D'Entrecasteaux Islands are indigenous subsistence horticulturalists living in small, traditional settlements. People of this area produced and traded clay pots as well as participated in the Kula exchange of shell valuables, travelling widely to other islands on sea-going sailing canoes. During the more recent past, people harvested copra, trochus and pearl-shells and some timber for cash. Alluvial gold mining was once important and in recent years the area has been subject to mineral exploration.Description[edit]Topographic map of D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Large islands from Northwest to Southeast: Goodenough, Fergusson and Normanby.The three principal islands, from northwest to southeast, are Goodenough (Nidula[1]), then across Moresby Straight to Fergusson (Moratau[2]), the largest of the three, and across Dawson Straight to Normanby (Duau[2]). In addition there are numerous small islands and reefs. Sanaroa and Dobu are the most significant of the smaller islands, while Sori or Wild is named for the HMS Challenger's artist, John James Wild. The highest peak in the group is the 2,536 metres (8,320 ft) Mount Vineuo on Goodenough Island.The D'Entrecasteaux Islands are volcanically active, with a number of areas of historic/geologic volcanism and active geothermal fields. Fergusson island has three volcanic masses over 1,828 m high.[3] There are geothermal areas in the south east area of Goodenough Island[4] and the Bwabwadana and Iamalele[5] on Fergusson Island. A particularly active hot springs is located at Deidei on Fergusson. Between Fergusson and Normanby Islands the Dawson Straights Group has several volcanic centres that may define a partly submerged caldera; one of the cones on southwestern Fergusson Island may have erupted in 1350.[6] Geologically the islands are largely made up of rock that probably once belonged to the northern edge of the Australian plate that was thrust deep into the Earth's crust by plate collision. The burial of these rocks to great depths (where they also encountered correspondingly high temperatures) metamorphosed the rocks to eclogite facies: >2GPa and >700˚C. Specifically, these islands play host to the youngest known coesite-eclogite sample; CA-TIMS dating of zircons within this sample dates its formation to ~5Ma,[7] meaning it has been exhumed from a depth of ~100 km[8] at the remarkable rate of ~20mm/yr. The rock at the centre of the tall domes in these islands was thus recently very deep in the Earth. Over a very short time, geologically speaking, these packets of rocks have ascended through the Earth's shallow mantle and pushed through the crust to form the gneiss domes we find today - the vestiges of the crust these massifs have thrust through are still draped as carapaces over the edges of the domes. These islands are thought to be geophysically significant because they lie immediately ahead of the west-most rift tip of the Woodlark spreading centre, which has been propagating westwards into the continent. The D'Entrecasteaux thus represent a stage of continental breakup just preceding fully-fledged volcanic spreading.History[edit]The group was named for the French navigator Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni d'Entrecasteaux who, in his ship the Espérance, passed through the area in 1792 while searching for his missing compatriot, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse. Almost a century latter in 1874 Captain John Moresby of HMS Basilisk made a running survey of the west coast of the islands and became the first European to make landfall.[9]In 1891 the Methodist Church of Australia established a mission station on Dobu Island. There natives were recruited to work in gold mines and on copra plantations. Another mission was established in 1898 at Bwaidoga, Mud Bay, on the south coast of Goodenough Island.[9]The island group became a focus of activity in World War II when Imperial Japanese troops were marooned on Goodenough Island briefly in 1942, before being attacked by the Australian 2/12th Battalion. In 1943 RAAF mobile works squadrons constructed an airfield with a 6,000 ft (1,829 m) airstrip and other facilities at Vivigani Airfield on the site of a smaller, pre-war airstrip that existed at that location. It was used by allied forces from June 1943 to August 1944 as a staging point for operations in New Guinea and nearby occupied islands. Vivigani airstrip has been open to commercial service since 1963. A US Navy PT-Boat base was established on Fergusson Island in June, 1942. Normanby Island may have been a secret British military base during the war. HMS Challenger (1858)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPainting of Challenger by William Frederick MitchellCareerName:HMS ChallengerBuilder:Woolwich DockyardLaunched:13 February 1858Decommissioned:Chatham Dockyard, 1878Fate:Broken for scrap, 1921General characteristicsClass and type:Pearl-class corvetteDisplacement:2,137 long tons (2,171 t)[1]Tons burthen:1465 bm[1]Length:225 ft 3 in (68.66 m) oa 200 ft (61 m) (gundeck)Beam:40 ft 4 in (12.29 m)Draught:17 ft 4 in (5.28 m) (forward) 18 ft 10 in (5.74 m) (aft)Depth of hold:23 ft 11 in (7.29 m)Installed power:400 nominal horsepower 1,450 ihp (1,080 kW)[1]Propulsion:2-cylinder trunk engine[1]Single screwSail plan:Full-rigged shipSpeed:10.7 knots (19.8 km/h) (under steam)Armament:20 x 8-inch (42cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore cannons on broadside trucks1 x 10-inch/68pdr (95cwt) muzzle-loading smoothbore cannons pivot-mounted at bowFor other ships of the same name, see HMS Challenger.HMS Challenger was a steam-assisted Royal Navy Pearl-class corvette launched on 13 February 1858 at the Woolwich Dockyard. She was the flagship of the Australia Station between 1866 and 1870.[2]As part of the North America and West Indies Station she took part in 1862 in operations against Mexico, including the occupation of Vera Cruz. Assigned as the flagship of Australia Station in 1866 and in 1868 undertook a punitive operation against some Fijian natives to avenge the murder of a missionary and some of his dependents. She left the Australian Station in late 1870.[2]She was picked to undertake the first global marine research expedition: the Challenger expedition. To enable her to probe the depths, all but two of the Challenger's guns had been removed and her spars reduced to make more space available. Laboratories, extra cabins and a special dredging platform were installed. She was loaded with specimen jars, alcohol for preservation of samples, microscopes and chemical apparatus, trawls and dredges, thermometers and water sampling bottles, sounding leads and devices to collect sediment from the sea bed and great lengths of rope with which to suspend the equipment into the ocean depths. In all she was supplied with 181 miles (291km) of Italian hemp for sounding, trawling and dredging. The Challenger's crew was the first to sound the deepest part of the ocean, thereafter named the Challenger Deep.The Challenger carried a complement of 243 officers, scientists and crew when she embarked on her 68,890-nautical-mile (127,580 km) journey.She was commissioned as a Coast Guard and Royal Naval Reserve training ship at Harwich in July 1876.[2]The Challenger was decommissioned at the Chatham Dockyards in 1878 and remained in reserve until 1883, when she was converted into a receiving hulk in the River Medway, where she stayed until she was sold to J. B. Garnham on 6 January 1921 and broken up for her copper bottom in 1921.[2]Nothing, apart from her figurehead, now remains. This is on display in the foyer of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. The United States Space Shuttle Challenger was named after the ship.[3]Contents [hide] 1 1873–1876: HMS Challenger2 Image gallery3 Citations4 References5 See also1873–1876: HMS Challenger[edit]The Challenger Expedition was a grand tour of the world during covering 68,000 nautical miles (125,936 km) organized by the Royal Society in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh. Charles Thomson was the leader of a large scientific team.Captains: George Nares (1873 and 1874) and Frank Tourle Thomson (1875 and 1876)Naturalists: Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882), Henry Nottidge Moseley (1844–1891) and Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm (1847–1875)Oceanographers: John Young Buchanan (1844–1925) and John Murray (1841–1914)Publications: C.W. Thomson, Report on the scientific results of the voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76… prepared under the superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson,... and now of John Murray,... (fifty volumes, London, 1880–1895). H.N. Moseley, Notes by a naturalist on the Challenger (1879). W.J.J. Spry, The cruise of the Challenger (1876).Image gallery[edit]
Price: 10 USD
Location: Los Angeles, California
End Time: 2024-11-11T16:29:08.000Z
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Print Type: Engraving
